Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Controlled Diabetic and Nondiabetic Edentulous Subjects for Assessment of Prospective Implant Sites

Osseointegrated endosseous oral implants provide a predictable, effective and reliable means for the replacement of missing natural dentition in partially and completely edentulous patients. This cross-sectional study aims to assess and compare bone mineral density in non-diabetic and controlled diabetic subjects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sixty completely edentulous patients, aged 45-75 years, were divided into two groups: 30 nondiabetic and 30 controlled type 2 diabetics. Diabetic control was verified using glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between 6.1% and 8%. Customized radiographic stents were fabricated for each patient with chemically cured transparent acrylic resin. Bone densities at trabecular, buccal, and lingual cortical regions of the maxillary and mandibular ridges were measured in Hounsfield units using CBCT at 10 prospective oral implant sites. Data analysis was conducted using STATA, version 14.0. Results indicated no significant differences in bone mineral density between nondiabetic and controlled diabetic subjects. Within the study's limitations, it can be concluded that controlled type 2 diabetes does not significantly affect bone mineral density in edentulous patients.