Indolin-2-Ones in Clinical Trials as Potential Kinase Inhibitors: A Review

The kinases have been intensely studied because of their involvement in regulating essential cellular activation of signaling cascades in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli to control cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Recent cancer genomic sequencing studies have revealed that many more kinases contribute to tumor genesis and are potential targets for inhibitor drug development intervention. Herein we review recent results that have helped to unravel the indolin-2-ones underlying the confiicting roles of the kinase inhibition regulation. This review focuses on the potential of kinases as a chemotherapeutic target in cancer treatment and highlights important recent advances in the development of indolin-2-ones as kinase inhibitors.