A Comparative Study of Sustainable Patterns in Iranian Underground Architecture

Iranian native architects created many innovations at different levels of altitude in the past, using various sources and natural clean energies in order to create natural adaptation in different climate climates. Garden Pit and Shawadan are among examples. These underground elements have created a pleasant atmosphere in high temperate and humid environments by utilizing the high thermal capacity of the soil. Time-lapse and inappropriate use of technological advances have led to the neglect of indigenous methods and unlimited use of fossil fuels. Shawadan and Garden Pit are two elements of underground architecture where Shawadan is used in a warm and humid climate and garden pits are used in the warm and dry climate. These architectural elements are often found in Yazd and Kashan cities as desert cities (warm and dry) and Dezful and Shushtar are built on the Gulf coast due to weather conditions. The study aimed to re-read and adapt these elements in terms of functional similarities using analytical-descriptive library method.