Numerical Investigation on the Heat Transfer of n-Decane in a Horizontal Channel with Axially Nonuniform Heat Flux under Supercritical Pressure

Regenerative cooling is considered promising in the thermal protection of hypersonic propulsion devices such as SCRamjet. However, the heat transfer deterioration (HTD) of hydrocarbon fuel is a severe threat to the thermal structure safety, especially under axially nonuniform heat flux caused by the thermal load difference in different components. In this work, the heat transfer of trans-critical n-decane in a mini-horizontal channel is numerically investigated. The influences of the axially nonuniform heat flux on the heat transfer is focused on. Two types of HTD are recognized and analyzed. The first type of HTD is induced by the near-wall flow acceleration and the local thickening of the viscous sublayer. The second type of HTD is closely related to the expansion of the low thermal conductivity λ and specific heat cp region, which is seriously worsened under axially nonuniform heat flux, especially when the heat flux peak locates where Tw ≥ Tpc. The minimum HTC deteriorates by 40.80% and the Tw_max increases from 857 K to 1071 K by 27.5%. The maximum fluctuation in pressure drop is 6.8% in the variation in heat flux distribution with Φ = 2. This work is expected to offer a reference to the proper match of fuel temperature distribution and the engine heat flux boundary in SCRamjet cooling system design.