Remanufacturing as a Service Embedded within Closed Loop Cloud Manufacturing System-Literature Review Based Design

Aims: Conclude enablers to embed the remanufacturing as a service within the infrastructure of cloud manufacturing system to service closed loop supply chain of sustainable manufacturing through integration of educational institutions.

Study Design: Recent cloud manufacturing architectures are combined to be modeled again to take into consideration remanufacturing as a service to be conducted by educational institutions. Methodology: Comparative literature is used to find out some statistics to show directives of literature to help embed remanufacturing within the architecture of cloud manufacturing. Thus statement of enablers can be proposed and architecture of cloud manufacturing of remanufacturing as a service can be emerged.

Results: Sustainable approach is more suitable to be applied within societies that suffer from non-clear human development, lower education standards, without industrial infrastructure and weak communication technologies where increasing awareness of environment protection required business for value creation to be conducted. Remanufacturing will enable such societies to be linked with industrial institutions economy by establishing remanufacturing business model which is embedded as a service within the cloud manufacturing. This approach will encourage such societies to apply strict regulations to protect customer and increase value-added of imported products which end the cheap product paradigm and help new markets to be included. Resources of universities are integrated to process the remanufactured products and value creation will be certain sustainability based on human development, employment and ecosystem establishment. Conclusion: Two main directives of literature can be classified to include macro-literature and micro-literature according to degree of consistency with the aim of closing the loop of cloud manufacturing by remanufacturing as-a-service to be delivered through the same platform of cloud manufacturing. Macro-literature focuses on the economics of remanufacturing with no sign for closed loop cloud manufacturing with remanufacturing through inclusion of educational institutions to apply sustainable development. Micro- literature is consisted for some extend with aim of sustainable cloud manufacturing but it is with technological dimensions. So much more consistent directives of literature are proposed to be taken in consideration by researchers to cover the area of close the loop of cloud manufacturing with educational institutions through application of remanufacturing. Thus an absolute measurement of sustainability with more clear social criteria can be introduced. Review of literature enables classification of macro-literature, micro-literature and barriers of remanufacturing which can be used to analog control system for assessment of literature maturity in two directions of embedding remanufacturing and educational institutions within structure of cloud manufacturing.