The Manifestations of Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Case Report

Introduction: Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a rare and life-threatening complication of various chronic rheumatic diseases. It is associated with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).

Case Report: A 19-year old woman was referred to our hospital with a history of fever, sweating, anorexia, and pancytopenia, due to her persistent fever; she was admitted in the infectious disease department. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings were suggestive for MAS associated with SoJIA or Still's disease. She showed a remarkable response to treatment after Hydrocortisone and cyclosporine.

Conclusion: MAS can occur within a few days after overt manifestations of the primary disease. Our patient developed MAS symptoms rapidly. MAS might be predictor to rheumatic diseases.